Winter can be a tough season for boats, especially for those that stay in the water throughout the colder months. If you’re not pulling your boat out for dry storage, proper winterization is essential to prevent damage and keep it in good shape. Here are nine crucial tips to help you winterize a boat that stays in the water, ensuring it weathers the cold safely and is ready for smooth sailing when spring arrives.
1. Inspect and Protect the Hull
When your boat is staying in the water over winter, the hull is constantly exposed to cold temperatures and icy waters. Begin your winterization process by thoroughly inspecting the hull for any cracks, blisters, or damage. Even small issues can expand in freezing temperatures, so it’s important to address these before winter sets in.
Once any necessary repairs are completed, apply a fresh coat of antifouling paint. This helps prevent marine growth during winter when the water is cold but still active. Additionally, some boat owners apply a layer of wax to the hull above the waterline to add extra protection against ice and moisture.
2. Ensure Proper Ventilation
Moisture is the enemy of a boat in winter, particularly when it’s staying in the water. Trapped moisture can lead to mold, mildew, and even structural damage over time. Install moisture absorbers or dehumidifiers in enclosed areas like the cabin or storage spaces. Ensure your boat is well-ventilated, especially in the cabin, to prevent the build-up of damp air during cold and rainy months. Opening vents and hatches slightly can help air circulate.
3. Treat Your Engine Right
The boat’s engine needs special attention if you plan to leave it in the water over winter. Follow these steps to ensure it’s protected from cold temperatures:
- Flush the engine: Run the engine with fresh water to remove any salt, dirt, and other debris. Saltwater, in particular, can cause corrosion and freeze-related damage.
- Add antifreeze: Circulate non-toxic marine antifreeze through the cooling system. This prevents any residual water from freezing and damaging engine components.
- Change oil and filters: Water and impurities in the oil can cause corrosion if left sitting over winter. Change the oil and filters before the cold hits to protect the engine.
After performing these steps, ensure the engine is fully drained of water, especially for inboard and sterndrive engines, which are more vulnerable to freezing.
4. Fuel System Protection
Fuel can deteriorate over time, especially during the colder months. To protect your boat’s fuel system, fill the fuel tank to about 95% capacity. A full tank prevents condensation from forming inside, which can lead to water contamination and potential engine issues.
Additionally, add a fuel stabilizer to keep the fuel from degrading and to prevent ethanol-based fuels from separating. Run the engine for a few minutes after adding the stabilizer to ensure it circulates throughout the system.
5. Protect Your Batteries
Cold temperatures can drain and damage your boat’s batteries. It’s best to remove your batteries entirely and store them in a warm, dry place. If you must leave them on the boat, disconnect the batteries and ensure they’re fully charged.
Consider installing a battery tender or trickle charger to maintain charge levels throughout the winter. This prevents sulfation, which can permanently reduce battery capacity.
6. Bilge and Pumps Check
If water accumulates in the bilge and freezes, it can expand and cause damage to your boat’s structure. Make sure the bilge is clean and dry before winter hits.
Also, check that your bilge pumps are working properly and consider installing a backup pump if you’re in an area prone to severe winter weather. If your bilge pumps are automatic, ensure the float switches are functioning, and test them thoroughly. Adding antifreeze to the bilge can help prevent freezing and provide extra protection against ice formation.
7. Winterize Plumbing Systems
Any system that contains water is at risk of freezing and breaking, including freshwater tanks, toilets, and hoses. Drain and empty the freshwater system completely, including all tanks, faucets, and hoses. Run non-toxic antifreeze through the plumbing to ensure no water remains that could freeze.
For boats with heads (toilets), ensure the holding tank is emptied and flushed out. Run antifreeze through the entire head system, including the toilet and holding tank, to protect against freezing temperatures.
8. Cover the Boat
A boat cover is essential for protecting your vessel from snow, ice, and rain throughout winter. Invest in a high-quality, breathable boat cover to keep the elements out while allowing moisture to escape. Tighten the cover securely, ensuring it won’t sag or accumulate water and snow that could weigh it down or cause damage.
If possible, use a frame or support system under the cover to prevent snow from accumulating on flat areas. This is particularly important in areas where heavy snowfall is common. Additionally, avoid using plastic tarps, as they can trap moisture and lead to mold and mildew growth.
9. Regular Monitoring and Maintenance
Even if your boat is winterized, it’s important to check on it regularly throughout the winter. Look for signs of damage, leaks, or ice buildup around the hull. Make sure the cover is still secure and that no snow or ice has accumulated.
If you’re in an area prone to freezing, monitor ice levels around your boat. Ice can form on the water’s surface and expand, causing damage to the hull or dock lines. Consider using de-icers or bubblers around the boat to keep ice from forming in marinas or calm waters.
Conclusion
Winterizing a boat that stays in the water requires careful attention to detail and proactive steps to prevent winter-related damage. By following these nine tips, you’ll help protect your investment and ensure that your boat is ready to sail when warmer weather returns. Remember, preparation is key—starting early and addressing all areas of your boat will save you time, money, and headaches in the long run.
Whether you’re cruising again in the spring or leaving it for the season, a well-maintained boat will serve you well for years to come.
Happy Boating!
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