Navigating a boat is a fundamental skill every captain must master, and in today’s world, that includes understanding how to use a chartplotter. These electronic devices have revolutionized marine navigation, making it more accessible and precise than ever before. Whether you’re a novice boater or an experienced mariner looking to refine your skills, learning to use a chartplotter effectively can enhance your safety and confidence on the water. This comprehensive guide will walk you through the essentials of chartplotter navigation, from understanding what a chartplotter is to mastering its core functions and applying advanced tips for various boating scenarios.
What is a Chartplotter?
At its core, a chartplotter is an electronic device that displays digital nautical charts and integrates GPS data to show your boat’s position in real time. Think of it as a high-tech map that not only tells you where you are but also helps you plan and follow a course to your destination. Chartplotters range from simple handheld GPS units, like the Garmin GPSMap 76sc, to sophisticated multi-function displays (MFDs), such as the Furuno TZtouch3 or Garmin GPSMap 8600, which integrate with a boat’s radar, autopilot, and other instruments.
The basic functions of a chartplotter include displaying electronic charts, allowing you to set waypoints (specific locations), and plotting courses to follow using GPS data. Advanced models offer additional features, such as radar overlays, AIS (Automatic Identification System) data for tracking nearby vessels, proximity warnings, and even integration with onboard cameras and weather forecasting tools. The specific capabilities of your chartplotter depend on the brand, model, and your budget, but the fundamental principles of navigation remain consistent across all devices.
Why Chartplotters Matter
Chartplotters have become indispensable tools for modern boaters because they simplify navigation, improve accuracy, and enhance safety. Unlike traditional paper charts, which require manual plotting and dead reckoning, chartplotters provide real-time updates and visual cues that make it easier to avoid hazards and stay on course. However, they are not a substitute for navigational knowledge. Understanding how to read charts and navigate manually is crucial, as electronic devices can fail, and over-reliance on technology can lead to mistakes.
Step 1: Learn the Basics of Navigation
Before diving into the specifics of your chartplotter, it’s essential to grasp the fundamentals of marine navigation. A chartplotter is a tool that enhances your ability to navigate, but it won’t compensate for a lack of foundational knowledge. Start by learning how to read nautical charts, which are detailed maps of waterways that include information about depths, hazards, buoys, and landmarks. Familiarize yourself with key concepts such as latitude and longitude, bearings, and course plotting.
For beginners, resources like “How To Learn Marine Navigation” and “Ultimate Guide to Nautical Chart Navigation” can provide a solid introduction. These guides cover essential topics, such as interpreting chart symbols, understanding tides and currents, and plotting a course manually. While you don’t need to become an expert in paper chart navigation to use a chartplotter, having a basic understanding will make you a more competent and confident boater.
Step 2: Get to Know Your Chartplotter
Chartplotters vary widely in design and functionality, so the next step is to familiarize yourself with your specific device. Whether you have a touchscreen model with intuitive tap-and-drag controls or an older unit with buttons and a keypad, the core tasks—creating waypoints, plotting routes, and navigating—remain the same. However, the way you perform these tasks will differ depending on the brand and model.
Start by consulting your chartplotter’s user manual, which is the most reliable source of information for your device. If you don’t have a physical copy, most manufacturers offer downloadable versions online. Experimenting with the device is also a great way to learn, as long as you do so in a safe environment, such as when docked or on dry land. Focus on mastering the following primary functions:
- Creating a Waypoint: A waypoint is a specific location on the chart, such as your destination or a navigation marker. On touchscreen chartplotters, this is often done by tapping and holding on the screen, while older models may require you to move a cursor and press a button. You can typically customize waypoints with icons (e.g., a fish for fishing spots or an anchor for anchorages) to make them easier to identify.
- Plotting a Route: A route is a series of connected waypoints that guide you from your starting point to your destination. Depending on your chartplotter, you may create a route by connecting existing waypoints or dragging and dropping new ones along your desired path.
- Starting Navigation: Once your route is set, activate the navigation mode (often labeled “Go To” or “Navigate”) to begin following it. This will display a steering screen or bearing to guide you to the next waypoint.
- Modifying a Route: Learn how to move or adjust waypoints if you need to avoid obstacles or change your plans mid-trip.
- Reversing a Route: Many chartplotters allow you to reverse a route, which is useful for planning a return trip.
- Zooming and Panning: Zoom in to inspect details or zoom out for a broader view, and pan around the chart to explore different areas. Touchscreen models often use pinch-and-pull gestures, while older units rely on keypad controls.
- Managing Clutter: Delete or hide unused waypoints and routes to keep your screen clear and easy to read.
Step 3: Plot and Sail Your First Course
With a basic understanding of navigation and your chartplotter’s functions, you’re ready to plot and sail your first course. This process involves two main phases: planning your route and following it on the water.
Plotting Your Course
Plotting a course on a chartplotter is similar to doing so on a paper chart, but without the need for pencils and rulers. Follow these steps:
- Identify Start and End Points: Choose a safe starting waypoint, such as a location just outside your marina, and an endpoint near your destination.
- Plan the Route: Review the general path you want to take, considering factors like water depth, hazards, and navigation aids.
- Create the Route: Initiate a new route on your chartplotter, which typically involves setting an initial waypoint and then adding additional waypoints as needed. Move the cursor to each safe location and add waypoints until you reach your destination.
- Finalize the Route: End the route once all waypoints are set.
- Review for Safety: Zoom in closely and retrace your entire route to ensure there are no hazards, such as shallow areas or obstructions, along the way. Adjust waypoints as necessary and note any narrow passages where precise navigation is critical.
Sailing Your Course
Once your route is plotted, it’s time to set sail. Select the route on your chartplotter and activate the navigation mode. As you begin moving, the chartplotter will display your boat’s position and provide a bearing or course to steer toward the next waypoint. Follow these instructions, making small adjustments to stay on course.
Most chartplotters consider a waypoint “reached” when your boat enters a predefined radius around it, which you can often adjust. If you stray significantly off course—due to wind, currents, or tacking—you may need to manually advance to the next waypoint if the chartplotter doesn’t do so automatically. Always remain aware of your surroundings and the conditions around your plotted route, as real-world factors may require you to deviate from the plan.
Advanced Chartplotter Tips
Once you’ve mastered the basics, consider these advanced tips to enhance your navigation skills:
- Zoom In for Precision: When navigating in tight spaces, such as when searching for a wreck or fishing spot, zoom in as far as possible. The boat icon’s size doesn’t scale with the chart, so staying zoomed out can make it appear as though you’re directly over a target when you’re not.
- Account for Set and Drift: On long open-water passages, currents and wind can push you off course. Compensate by steering slightly to the windward side of your waypoint to counteract drift.
- Always Carry a Backup: Electronics can fail, so never leave the dock without a compass and a basic understanding of how to use it. Paper charts are also a reliable backup for navigation if your chartplotter malfunctions.
- Use Tracks: Activate the track feature to display a breadcrumb trail of your boat’s path. This is useful for retracing your route or identifying patterns in your navigation.
- Customize Your Display: Many chartplotters allow you to create custom screens tailored to your needs, such as displaying water temperature for fishing or fuel consumption for cruising.
- Leverage Advanced Features: If your chartplotter is part of an MFD system, explore features like radar overlays, AIS data, and autopilot integration to enhance your situational awareness.
Setting Up Your Chartplotter
Setting up a chartplotter depends on its complexity. Basic handheld units with built-in GPS require minimal configuration—just load the appropriate charts and ensure a GPS signal. More advanced MFDs, however, need to be integrated with your boat’s instruments, such as radar, transducers, and autopilots.
Charts and GPS
All chartplotters require electronic charts for the areas you plan to navigate. In the U.S., free coastal charts are available from the government and often come pre-installed or downloadable for most chartplotters. For other regions or more detailed charts, you’ll need to purchase and install them, ensuring compatibility with your device. Check your chartplotter’s documentation for supported chart formats, such as raster (scanned paper charts) or vector (layered digital charts).
A GPS signal is also essential, whether from an internal receiver or an external antenna. Ensure your chartplotter is receiving a strong signal before setting out.
Integration with Instruments
For MFDs, integration with other onboard systems is key. Common communication protocols include NMEA 0183, NMEA 2000, and Ethernet, with many modern devices also supporting Wi-Fi. Consult your chartplotter’s manual and a professional installer if needed to connect it to your boat’s network and instruments.
Using Tablets and Smartphones as Chartplotters
If you’re on a budget or prefer a portable solution, you can use a tablet or smartphone as a chartplotter with apps like Navionics, iNavX, or OpenCPN. These apps offer robust charting and navigation features, often at a fraction of the cost of a dedicated device. Advantages include affordability, portability, and simplicity—no complex installation is required unless you want to integrate with ship’s instruments.
However, there are drawbacks to consider:
- Durability: Tablets and phones aren’t as rugged as marine-grade chartplotters and may require waterproof cases.
- Visibility: Screens can be hard to read in bright sunlight.
- Battery Life: Continuous GPS use drains batteries quickly, so you may need a charging solution.
- Accuracy: Internal GPS may not be as precise as nautical-grade receivers, and cellular-dependent apps may fail offshore.
For safety, always have a backup plan, such as a handheld GPS or a second device, when using a tablet or phone as your primary chartplotter.
Chartplotters for Different Boating Scenarios
Chartplotters are versatile tools that cater to various types of boating:
- Coastal Cruising: Devices like the B&G Vulcan Chartplotter offer clear charting and features like SailSteer, which provides steering data and answers questions like “How long until we tack?”
- Club Racing: The Vulcan also benefits racers with tactical tools like layline calculations and integration with smartphone apps for on-deck data access.
- Bluewater Cruising: The B&G Zeus³ Chartplotter is ideal for long-distance cruising, with multi-station control, radar integration, and weather forecasting via PredictWind.
- Performance Racing: The Zeus³ supports racers with fast processing, bright displays, and advanced software for tactical decision-making.
- Superyachts: The Zeus³ Glass Helm offers high-performance navigation with a sleek, all-glass touchscreen, perfect for large vessels.
Safety and Best Practices
While chartplotters are powerful tools, they’re not infallible. To navigate safely:
- Maintain Situational Awareness: Don’t rely solely on the screen—keep an eye on your surroundings and use visual landmarks to confirm your position.
- Understand Chart Limitations: Zooming in doesn’t increase chart accuracy, and some details may be missing or outdated. Regularly update your charts to ensure reliability.
- Have a Backup Plan: Carry a compass, paper charts, and a handheld GPS in case of electronic failure.
- Practice Regularly: Familiarize yourself with your chartplotter’s features in calm conditions before relying on it in challenging situations.
Conclusion
Mastering chartplotter navigation is an essential skill for modern boaters, blending traditional navigation knowledge with cutting-edge technology. By understanding the basics of navigation, learning your chartplotter’s functions, and applying advanced tips, you can confidently navigate any waterway. Whether you’re plotting a short coastal trip or a long bluewater crossing, a chartplotter can make the journey safer, easier, and more enjoyable. Start with the fundamentals, practice regularly, and always prioritize safety—soon, you’ll be navigating like a seasoned captain.
Happy Boating!
Share How To Use a Chartplotter: Full Beginner’s Guide with your friends and leave a comment below with your thoughts.
Read How to Use a Boat Compass (Complete beginners guide) until we meet in the next article.